What do patents protect?

Patents specifically protect the function of new products and processes. This means that when an inventor develops a new invention that offers a unique way of operating or provides a new solution to a problem, they can apply for a patent to secure exclusive rights to that invention. This protection prevents others from making, using, or selling the patented invention without permission for a specified period, typically up to 20 years from the filing date.

In contrast, the appearance of a product is protected by design rights, which cover the aesthetic features rather than the functional aspects. Distinctive logos and branding are safeguarded by trademark law, which protects identifiers that distinguish goods or services. Creative literary and artistic works fall under copyright protection, which secures the rights of creators in their expressive works. Thus, the scope of a patent is focused solely on functional innovations, making option C the correct answer.